Definitions
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01
A written or printed statement of charges for goods or services rendered.
The fundamental document of commerce — proof of what is owed.
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02
A banknote; paper currency issued by a government or central bank.
The physical embodiment of value — a dollar bill, a hundred-dollar bill.
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03
A draft of a proposed law presented to a legislature for enactment.
Capital markets, tax law, and financial regulation all begin as a bill.
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04
To send a statement of charges to; to invoice formally.
Every business transaction ends here — to bill the client.
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05
A written order directing payment of a specified sum of money.
Bill of exchange — the original instrument of international trade finance.
In finance & law
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Bill of exchange
A negotiable instrument ordering one party to pay a fixed sum to another on demand or at a set date. The foundation of trade finance for centuries.
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Treasury bill (T-bill)
Short-term government debt security. One of the safest financial instruments on earth — issued by the U.S. Treasury in maturities of 4, 8, 13, 17, 26, and 52 weeks.
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Bill of lading
A legal document between a shipper and carrier detailing goods being transported. Central to global supply chains and trade capital flows.
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Capital bill
A legislative appropriation for major long-term expenditure — infrastructure, public works, state investment. Where law and capital converge.
Etymology
From Medieval Latin billa — a sealed document, a formal written instrument. Traces to Latin bulla — a seal, a rounded object, the mark of authority on official documents. First recorded in English circa 14th century as a formal written statement or petition. The financial sense — a written order of payment — emerged by the 15th century.